From 080628dc76f8087fbec6657a1feea7e0c588d597 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard <richard.baah@datadoghq.com>
Date: Tue, 23 Jun 2026 15:33:48 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 01/10] allow arrow-flight users to skip validation in
 arrow-ipc decoding

---
 arrow-flight/src/decode.rs                    |  12 +++++++++++
 arrow-flight/src/sql/client.rs                |   1 +
 arrow-flight/src/utils.rs                     |   6 ++++--
 .../integration_test.rs                       |   2 +-
 .../integration_test.rs                       |   1 +
 arrow-ipc/profile.json.gz                     | Bin 0 -> 17355 bytes
 arrow-ipc/src/reader.rs                       |  19 ++++++++++++------
 7 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 arrow-ipc/profile.json.gz

diff --git a/arrow-flight/src/decode.rs b/arrow-flight/src/decode.rs
index 8c518ac9d454..93f66af9baba 100644
--- a/arrow-flight/src/decode.rs
+++ b/arrow-flight/src/decode.rs
@@ -228,6 +228,8 @@ pub struct FlightDataDecoder {
     state: Option<FlightStreamState>,
     /// Seen the end of the inner stream?
     done: bool,
+    /// Skip validation of decoded arrays (UTF-8, offset bounds, null counts).
+    skip_validation: bool,
 }
 
 impl Debug for FlightDataDecoder {
@@ -236,6 +238,7 @@ impl Debug for FlightDataDecoder {
             .field("response", &"<stream>")
             .field("state", &self.state)
             .field("done", &self.done)
+            .field("skip_validation", &self.skip_validation)
             .finish()
     }
 }
@@ -250,9 +253,17 @@ impl FlightDataDecoder {
             state: None,
             response: response.boxed(),
             done: false,
+            skip_validation: false,
         }
     }
 
+    /// Only set for trusted senders, invalid data may cause undefined behavior.
+    /// Can improve performance by skipping validation
+    pub fn with_skip_validation(mut self, skip_validation: bool) -> Self {
+        self.skip_validation = skip_validation;
+        self
+    }
+
     /// Returns the current schema for this stream
     pub fn schema(&self) -> Option<&SchemaRef> {
         self.state.as_ref().map(|state| &state.schema)
@@ -323,6 +334,7 @@ impl FlightDataDecoder {
                     &data,
                     Arc::clone(&state.schema),
                     &state.dictionaries_by_field,
+                    self.skip_validation,
                 )
                 .map_err(|e| {
                     FlightError::DecodeError(format!("Error decoding ipc RecordBatch: {e}"))
diff --git a/arrow-flight/src/sql/client.rs b/arrow-flight/src/sql/client.rs
index 5476d4ede9a4..951b3457fd22 100644
--- a/arrow-flight/src/sql/client.rs
+++ b/arrow-flight/src/sql/client.rs
@@ -651,6 +651,7 @@ pub fn arrow_data_from_flight_data(
                 &dictionaries_by_field,
                 None,
                 &ipc_message.version(),
+                false,
             )?;
             Ok(ArrowFlightData::RecordBatch(record_batch))
         }
diff --git a/arrow-flight/src/utils.rs b/arrow-flight/src/utils.rs
index 6effb5f86aaf..e0852ae51638 100644
--- a/arrow-flight/src/utils.rs
+++ b/arrow-flight/src/utils.rs
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ pub fn flight_data_to_batches(flight_data: &[FlightData]) -> Result<Vec<RecordBa
     let mut batches = vec![];
     let dictionaries_by_id = HashMap::new();
     for datum in flight_data[1..].iter() {
-        let batch = flight_data_to_arrow_batch(datum, schema.clone(), &dictionaries_by_id)?;
+        let batch = flight_data_to_arrow_batch(datum, schema.clone(), &dictionaries_by_id, false)?;
         batches.push(batch);
     }
     Ok(batches)
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ pub fn flight_data_to_arrow_batch(
     data: &FlightData,
     schema: SchemaRef,
     dictionaries_by_id: &HashMap<i64, ArrayRef>,
+    skip_validation: bool,
 ) -> Result<RecordBatch, ArrowError> {
     // check that the data_header is a record batch message
     let message = arrow_ipc::root_as_message(&data.data_header[..])
@@ -70,12 +71,13 @@ pub fn flight_data_to_arrow_batch(
         })
         .map(|batch| {
             reader::read_record_batch(
-                &Buffer::from(data.data_body.as_ref()),
+                &Buffer::from(data.data_body.clone()),
                 batch,
                 schema,
                 dictionaries_by_id,
                 None,
                 &message.version(),
+                skip_validation,
             )
         })?
 }
diff --git a/arrow-integration-testing/src/flight_client_scenarios/integration_test.rs b/arrow-integration-testing/src/flight_client_scenarios/integration_test.rs
index 05ca5627ecd8..d35b28cfa5e5 100644
--- a/arrow-integration-testing/src/flight_client_scenarios/integration_test.rs
+++ b/arrow-integration-testing/src/flight_client_scenarios/integration_test.rs
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ async fn consume_flight_location(
         assert_eq!(metadata, data.app_metadata);
 
         let actual_batch =
-            flight_data_to_arrow_batch(&data, actual_schema.clone(), &dictionaries_by_id)
+            flight_data_to_arrow_batch(&data, actual_schema.clone(), &dictionaries_by_id, false)
                 .expect("Unable to convert flight data to Arrow batch");
 
         assert_eq!(actual_schema, actual_batch.schema());
diff --git a/arrow-integration-testing/src/flight_server_scenarios/integration_test.rs b/arrow-integration-testing/src/flight_server_scenarios/integration_test.rs
index ae316886381a..8769b50e77ce 100644
--- a/arrow-integration-testing/src/flight_server_scenarios/integration_test.rs
+++ b/arrow-integration-testing/src/flight_server_scenarios/integration_test.rs
@@ -335,6 +335,7 @@ async fn record_batch_from_message(
         dictionaries_by_id,
         None,
         &message.version(),
+        false,
     );
 
     arrow_batch_result
diff --git a/arrow-ipc/profile.json.gz b/arrow-ipc/profile.json.gz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1a68528f9054bd41a341d41c426f4eebce3bfc09
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diff --git a/arrow-ipc/src/reader.rs b/arrow-ipc/src/reader.rs
index 6d1e799d43c9..7b359cab0860 100644
--- a/arrow-ipc/src/reader.rs
+++ b/arrow-ipc/src/reader.rs
@@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ impl<'a> RecordBatchDecoder<'a> {
 
         let schema = Arc::clone(&self.schema);
         if let Some(projection) = self.projection {
-            let mut arrays = vec![];
+            let mut arrays = Vec::with_capacity(projection.len());
             // project fields
             for (idx, field) in schema.fields().iter().enumerate() {
                 // A projected field can appear more than once, so collect all matching positions.
@@ -597,7 +597,7 @@ impl<'a> RecordBatchDecoder<'a> {
                 RecordBatch::try_new_with_options(schema, columns, &options)
             }
         } else {
-            let mut children = vec![];
+            let mut children = Vec::with_capacity(schema.fields().len());
             // keep track of index as lists require more than one node
             for field in schema.fields() {
                 let child = self.create_array(field, &mut variadic_counts)?;
@@ -771,11 +771,18 @@ pub fn read_record_batch(
     dictionaries_by_id: &HashMap<i64, ArrayRef>,
     projection: Option<&[usize]>,
     metadata: &MetadataVersion,
+    skip_validation: bool,
 ) -> Result<RecordBatch, ArrowError> {
-    RecordBatchDecoder::try_new(buf, batch, schema, dictionaries_by_id, metadata)?
-        .with_projection(projection)
-        .with_require_alignment(false)
-        .read_record_batch()
+    let mut decoder =
+        RecordBatchDecoder::try_new(buf, batch, schema, dictionaries_by_id, metadata)?
+            .with_projection(projection)
+            .with_require_alignment(false);
+    if skip_validation {
+        let mut flag = UnsafeFlag::new();
+        unsafe { flag.set(true) };
+        decoder = decoder.with_skip_validation(flag);
+    }
+    decoder.read_record_batch()
 }
 
 /// Read the dictionary from the buffer and provided metadata,

From c9f66a1f9638bb0c320b7bc3955f302ee833097e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard <richard.baah@datadoghq.com>
Date: Tue, 23 Jun 2026 16:28:57 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 02/10] avoid extracting header bytes twice

---
 arrow-flight/src/decode.rs | 33 +++++++++++++++++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 23 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arrow-flight/src/decode.rs b/arrow-flight/src/decode.rs
index 93f66af9baba..a5b77f7f0807 100644
--- a/arrow-flight/src/decode.rs
+++ b/arrow-flight/src/decode.rs
@@ -15,9 +15,10 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-use crate::{FlightData, trailers::LazyTrailers, utils::flight_data_to_arrow_batch};
+use crate::{FlightData, trailers::LazyTrailers};
 use arrow_array::{ArrayRef, RecordBatch};
 use arrow_buffer::Buffer;
+use arrow_ipc::reader;
 use arrow_schema::{Schema, SchemaRef};
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use futures::{Stream, StreamExt, ready, stream::BoxStream};
@@ -330,15 +331,27 @@ impl FlightDataDecoder {
                     ));
                 };
 
-                let batch = flight_data_to_arrow_batch(
-                    &data,
-                    Arc::clone(&state.schema),
-                    &state.dictionaries_by_field,
-                    self.skip_validation,
-                )
-                .map_err(|e| {
-                    FlightError::DecodeError(format!("Error decoding ipc RecordBatch: {e}"))
-                })?;
+                let batch = message
+                    .header_as_record_batch()
+                    .ok_or_else(|| {
+                        FlightError::DecodeError(
+                            "Unable to convert flight data header to a record batch".to_string(),
+                        )
+                    })
+                    .and_then(|record_batch| {
+                        reader::read_record_batch(
+                            &Buffer::from(data.data_body.clone()),
+                            record_batch,
+                            Arc::clone(&state.schema),
+                            &state.dictionaries_by_field,
+                            None,
+                            &message.version(),
+                            self.skip_validation,
+                        )
+                        .map_err(|e| {
+                            FlightError::DecodeError(format!("Error decoding ipc RecordBatch: {e}"))
+                        })
+                    })?;
 
                 Ok(Some(DecodedFlightData::new_record_batch(data, batch)))
             }

From 316b8bd03e4e56e6fddf3753477a02931809f866 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard <richard.baah@datadoghq.com>
Date: Tue, 23 Jun 2026 21:40:54 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 03/10] pre-allocate vectors

---
 arrow-ipc/profile.json.gz | Bin 17355 -> 0 bytes
 arrow-ipc/src/reader.rs   |   2 +-
 2 files changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
 delete mode 100644 arrow-ipc/profile.json.gz

diff --git a/arrow-ipc/profile.json.gz b/arrow-ipc/profile.json.gz
deleted file mode 100644
index 1a68528f9054bd41a341d41c426f4eebce3bfc09..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
GIT binary patch
literal 0
HcmV?d00001

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zpDXX-rS~*^S0NeuY6kiMJ|;acCf_}d%FVT$qpW?IM=#9#Zg*IRdFXdo2mD-rdDh{N
zu?|TkAjB0*Vt7j<22v%0`;~<Uc*bFlv4>wgpIbb}D4u2$YqIwUhd9U_e1|z;J3WUr
zd?-`c&kml+44%se*06Yz1$;*8-`}mS{<M28{B2w+{w+v8<h@^&<XcrD{puvY=7-o5
zGj|`s|E%P`SLxbygkHk3I!Zr6<?FSxhX;gxuFRi)K;ZHOnP)`0t7IN7#w@8`14bN4
z7X&5L;wd58pq9)Lk(Mo5R78qa+`&gYBS-X04iWKU(EtMYiExY=0h^1MA&j+VbA<h?
zRxSkIuMeS~OcaFe0CU+;UhX^}U_4ED-uwG7Q`&9*{>>hS^}sI_z?-x(qiZM*`p@TT
z`;J5({_Zi}ct4xnr>FVmhmU1njWx%4g!}HR_u=mj@^Ea4wcTVo;oZmE9vAU`1vmVA
z_j`jJItKo-?>|(2_+@(^TiY*_-0!l{!}k7f{=Bw@=Sn>vj!XM$tTFjX*=b+x4}bR=
zC9p}awyl^y3Sf_%x!0O`cuFFqJ7r=pwFgeE2r79<8oS4d2S;&isVdLxYUZClj)O6Q
z4gCVrnIQPCHP@bfX$?SHpQU$)H_8KMxlf3D9*f;olHbc-zx2VrS6NPXP~mtpUSsQJ
zzG(Mk#fSBkf5Cm!c1K=(nTP4Qx8)cm<9?u<afy5#bLB%~cwrFJ4PqCaf-;p9mrWJn
zB`x#%lARBs$*i7zv8YqIAJ3j>D|6m)DV6vsx{2?QXzo74-0B8;&edOj99FMuemi)^
X_c!kl)uLvh``7;uvX%pgR-XX?Xexkw

diff --git a/arrow-ipc/src/reader.rs b/arrow-ipc/src/reader.rs
index 7b359cab0860..6ddbe1c47527 100644
--- a/arrow-ipc/src/reader.rs
+++ b/arrow-ipc/src/reader.rs
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ impl RecordBatchDecoder<'_> {
                 let null_buffer = self.next_buffer()?;
 
                 // read the arrays for each field
-                let mut struct_arrays = vec![];
+                let mut struct_arrays = Vec::with_capacity(struct_fields.len());
                 // TODO investigate whether just knowing the number of buffers could
                 // still work
                 for struct_field in struct_fields {

From 0335ff403f40a76a64bbaef7c0b559a5728fbe73 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard <richard.baah@datadoghq.com>
Date: Tue, 23 Jun 2026 23:16:23 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 04/10] re-align buffers if tonic passes up a mis-aligned
 buffer

---
 arrow-flight/src/decode.rs | 12 ++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arrow-flight/src/decode.rs b/arrow-flight/src/decode.rs
index a5b77f7f0807..c7dff7965d8d 100644
--- a/arrow-flight/src/decode.rs
+++ b/arrow-flight/src/decode.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 
 use crate::{FlightData, trailers::LazyTrailers};
 use arrow_array::{ArrayRef, RecordBatch};
-use arrow_buffer::Buffer;
+use arrow_buffer::{Buffer, MutableBuffer};
 use arrow_ipc::reader;
 use arrow_schema::{Schema, SchemaRef};
 use bytes::Bytes;
@@ -331,6 +331,14 @@ impl FlightDataDecoder {
                     ));
                 };
 
+                let data_buffer = if data.data_body.as_ptr() as usize % 64 != 0 {
+                    let mut buf = MutableBuffer::with_capacity(data.data_body.len());
+                    buf.extend_from_slice(&data.data_body);
+                    Buffer::from(buf)
+                } else {
+                    Buffer::from(data.data_body.clone())
+                };
+
                 let batch = message
                     .header_as_record_batch()
                     .ok_or_else(|| {
@@ -340,7 +348,7 @@ impl FlightDataDecoder {
                     })
                     .and_then(|record_batch| {
                         reader::read_record_batch(
-                            &Buffer::from(data.data_body.clone()),
+                            &data_buffer,
                             record_batch,
                             Arc::clone(&state.schema),
                             &state.dictionaries_by_field,

From a2c436b70ab2d180cfd59ff24e22b1f2693c5f5c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard <richard.baah@datadoghq.com>
Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2026 10:05:01 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 05/10] make use of unsafe code clear to callers

---
 Cargo.lock                                        |  1 +
 arrow-flight/Cargo.toml                           |  4 ++--
 arrow-flight/src/decode.rs                        | 15 ++++++++-------
 arrow-flight/src/sql/client.rs                    |  3 ++-
 arrow-flight/src/utils.rs                         | 10 ++++++++--
 arrow-integration-testing/Cargo.toml              |  1 +
 .../flight_client_scenarios/integration_test.rs   | 10 +++++++---
 .../flight_server_scenarios/integration_test.rs   |  3 ++-
 arrow-ipc/src/reader.rs                           | 15 +++++----------
 9 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 6a6bb511037b..14f251e2d02a 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -388,6 +388,7 @@ version = "59.0.0"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow",
  "arrow-buffer",
+ "arrow-data",
  "arrow-flight",
  "arrow-integration-test",
  "clap",
diff --git a/arrow-flight/Cargo.toml b/arrow-flight/Cargo.toml
index 46fcd0810315..c4541fdb6012 100644
--- a/arrow-flight/Cargo.toml
+++ b/arrow-flight/Cargo.toml
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ arrow-array = { workspace = true }
 arrow-buffer = { workspace = true }
 # Cast is needed to work around https://github.com/apache/arrow-rs/issues/3389
 arrow-cast = { workspace = true }
-arrow-data = { workspace = true, optional = true }
+arrow-data = { workspace = true }
 arrow-ipc = { workspace = true }
 arrow-ord = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 arrow-row = { workspace = true, optional = true }
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ all-features = true
 
 [features]
 default = []
-flight-sql = ["dep:arrow-arith", "dep:arrow-data", "dep:arrow-ord", "dep:arrow-row", "dep:arrow-select", "dep:arrow-string", "dep:once_cell", "dep:paste"]
+flight-sql = ["dep:arrow-arith", "dep:arrow-ord", "dep:arrow-row", "dep:arrow-select", "dep:arrow-string", "dep:once_cell", "dep:paste"]
 # TODO: Remove in the next release
 flight-sql-experimental = ["flight-sql"]
 tls-aws-lc= ["tonic/tls-aws-lc"]
diff --git a/arrow-flight/src/decode.rs b/arrow-flight/src/decode.rs
index c7dff7965d8d..bcd529b261a3 100644
--- a/arrow-flight/src/decode.rs
+++ b/arrow-flight/src/decode.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 use crate::{FlightData, trailers::LazyTrailers};
 use arrow_array::{ArrayRef, RecordBatch};
 use arrow_buffer::{Buffer, MutableBuffer};
+use arrow_data::UnsafeFlag;
 use arrow_ipc::reader;
 use arrow_schema::{Schema, SchemaRef};
 use bytes::Bytes;
@@ -230,7 +231,7 @@ pub struct FlightDataDecoder {
     /// Seen the end of the inner stream?
     done: bool,
     /// Skip validation of decoded arrays (UTF-8, offset bounds, null counts).
-    skip_validation: bool,
+    skip_validation: UnsafeFlag,
 }
 
 impl Debug for FlightDataDecoder {
@@ -254,14 +255,14 @@ impl FlightDataDecoder {
             state: None,
             response: response.boxed(),
             done: false,
-            skip_validation: false,
+            skip_validation: UnsafeFlag::new(),
         }
     }
 
-    /// Only set for trusted senders, invalid data may cause undefined behavior.
-    /// Can improve performance by skipping validation
-    pub fn with_skip_validation(mut self, skip_validation: bool) -> Self {
-        self.skip_validation = skip_validation;
+    /// # Safety
+    /// Invalid data may cause undefined behavior. Only use for trusted senders.
+    pub unsafe fn with_skip_validation(mut self) -> Self {
+        unsafe { self.skip_validation.set(true) };
         self
     }
 
@@ -354,7 +355,7 @@ impl FlightDataDecoder {
                             &state.dictionaries_by_field,
                             None,
                             &message.version(),
-                            self.skip_validation,
+                            self.skip_validation.clone(),
                         )
                         .map_err(|e| {
                             FlightError::DecodeError(format!("Error decoding ipc RecordBatch: {e}"))
diff --git a/arrow-flight/src/sql/client.rs b/arrow-flight/src/sql/client.rs
index 951b3457fd22..aa9bc47a833d 100644
--- a/arrow-flight/src/sql/client.rs
+++ b/arrow-flight/src/sql/client.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 //! A FlightSQL Client [`FlightSqlServiceClient`]
 
 use arrow_buffer::Buffer;
+use arrow_data::UnsafeFlag;
 use arrow_ipc::MessageHeader;
 use arrow_ipc::convert::fb_to_schema;
 use arrow_ipc::reader::read_record_batch;
@@ -651,7 +652,7 @@ pub fn arrow_data_from_flight_data(
                 &dictionaries_by_field,
                 None,
                 &ipc_message.version(),
-                false,
+                UnsafeFlag::new(),
             )?;
             Ok(ArrowFlightData::RecordBatch(record_batch))
         }
diff --git a/arrow-flight/src/utils.rs b/arrow-flight/src/utils.rs
index e0852ae51638..49314e5409bc 100644
--- a/arrow-flight/src/utils.rs
+++ b/arrow-flight/src/utils.rs
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use arrow_array::{ArrayRef, RecordBatch};
 use arrow_buffer::Buffer;
+use arrow_data::UnsafeFlag;
 use arrow_ipc::convert::fb_to_schema;
 use arrow_ipc::writer::CompressionContext;
 use arrow_ipc::{reader, root_as_message, writer, writer::IpcWriteOptions};
@@ -45,7 +46,12 @@ pub fn flight_data_to_batches(flight_data: &[FlightData]) -> Result<Vec<RecordBa
     let mut batches = vec![];
     let dictionaries_by_id = HashMap::new();
     for datum in flight_data[1..].iter() {
-        let batch = flight_data_to_arrow_batch(datum, schema.clone(), &dictionaries_by_id, false)?;
+        let batch = flight_data_to_arrow_batch(
+            datum,
+            schema.clone(),
+            &dictionaries_by_id,
+            UnsafeFlag::new(),
+        )?;
         batches.push(batch);
     }
     Ok(batches)
@@ -56,7 +62,7 @@ pub fn flight_data_to_arrow_batch(
     data: &FlightData,
     schema: SchemaRef,
     dictionaries_by_id: &HashMap<i64, ArrayRef>,
-    skip_validation: bool,
+    skip_validation: UnsafeFlag,
 ) -> Result<RecordBatch, ArrowError> {
     // check that the data_header is a record batch message
     let message = arrow_ipc::root_as_message(&data.data_header[..])
diff --git a/arrow-integration-testing/Cargo.toml b/arrow-integration-testing/Cargo.toml
index ae13d32b57a9..cb488f5ff791 100644
--- a/arrow-integration-testing/Cargo.toml
+++ b/arrow-integration-testing/Cargo.toml
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ logging = ["tracing-subscriber"]
 
 [dependencies]
 arrow = { path = "../arrow", default-features = false, features = ["test_utils", "ipc", "ipc_compression", "json", "ffi"] }
+arrow-data = { workspace = true }
 arrow-flight = { path = "../arrow-flight", default-features = false }
 arrow-integration-test = { path = "../arrow-integration-test", default-features = false }
 clap = { version = "4", default-features = false, features = ["std", "derive", "help", "error-context", "usage"] }
diff --git a/arrow-integration-testing/src/flight_client_scenarios/integration_test.rs b/arrow-integration-testing/src/flight_client_scenarios/integration_test.rs
index d35b28cfa5e5..b1afc8aa3dd6 100644
--- a/arrow-integration-testing/src/flight_client_scenarios/integration_test.rs
+++ b/arrow-integration-testing/src/flight_client_scenarios/integration_test.rs
@@ -249,9 +249,13 @@ async fn consume_flight_location(
         let metadata = counter.to_string().into_bytes();
         assert_eq!(metadata, data.app_metadata);
 
-        let actual_batch =
-            flight_data_to_arrow_batch(&data, actual_schema.clone(), &dictionaries_by_id, false)
-                .expect("Unable to convert flight data to Arrow batch");
+        let actual_batch = flight_data_to_arrow_batch(
+            &data,
+            actual_schema.clone(),
+            &dictionaries_by_id,
+            arrow_data::UnsafeFlag::new(),
+        )
+        .expect("Unable to convert flight data to Arrow batch");
 
         assert_eq!(actual_schema, actual_batch.schema());
         assert_eq!(expected_batch.num_columns(), actual_batch.num_columns());
diff --git a/arrow-integration-testing/src/flight_server_scenarios/integration_test.rs b/arrow-integration-testing/src/flight_server_scenarios/integration_test.rs
index 8769b50e77ce..b75d52a0f937 100644
--- a/arrow-integration-testing/src/flight_server_scenarios/integration_test.rs
+++ b/arrow-integration-testing/src/flight_server_scenarios/integration_test.rs
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ use arrow::{
     ipc::{self, reader, writer},
     record_batch::RecordBatch,
 };
+use arrow_data::UnsafeFlag;
 use arrow_flight::{
     Action, ActionType, Criteria, Empty, FlightData, FlightDescriptor, FlightEndpoint, FlightInfo,
     HandshakeRequest, HandshakeResponse, IpcMessage, PollInfo, PutResult, SchemaAsIpc,
@@ -335,7 +336,7 @@ async fn record_batch_from_message(
         dictionaries_by_id,
         None,
         &message.version(),
-        false,
+        UnsafeFlag::new(),
     );
 
     arrow_batch_result
diff --git a/arrow-ipc/src/reader.rs b/arrow-ipc/src/reader.rs
index 6ddbe1c47527..e4eece2679ac 100644
--- a/arrow-ipc/src/reader.rs
+++ b/arrow-ipc/src/reader.rs
@@ -771,17 +771,12 @@ pub fn read_record_batch(
     dictionaries_by_id: &HashMap<i64, ArrayRef>,
     projection: Option<&[usize]>,
     metadata: &MetadataVersion,
-    skip_validation: bool,
+    skip_validation: UnsafeFlag,
 ) -> Result<RecordBatch, ArrowError> {
-    let mut decoder =
-        RecordBatchDecoder::try_new(buf, batch, schema, dictionaries_by_id, metadata)?
-            .with_projection(projection)
-            .with_require_alignment(false);
-    if skip_validation {
-        let mut flag = UnsafeFlag::new();
-        unsafe { flag.set(true) };
-        decoder = decoder.with_skip_validation(flag);
-    }
+    let decoder = RecordBatchDecoder::try_new(buf, batch, schema, dictionaries_by_id, metadata)?
+        .with_projection(projection)
+        .with_require_alignment(false)
+        .with_skip_validation(skip_validation);
     decoder.read_record_batch()
 }
 

From 1878721674ecce121e0f3de361714a83b09302af Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard <richard.baah@datadoghq.com>
Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2026 11:17:07 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 06/10] resolve FFI issues

---
 arrow-flight/src/decode.rs | 12 ++----------
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arrow-flight/src/decode.rs b/arrow-flight/src/decode.rs
index bcd529b261a3..bf099f888ca5 100644
--- a/arrow-flight/src/decode.rs
+++ b/arrow-flight/src/decode.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 
 use crate::{FlightData, trailers::LazyTrailers};
 use arrow_array::{ArrayRef, RecordBatch};
-use arrow_buffer::{Buffer, MutableBuffer};
+use arrow_buffer::Buffer;
 use arrow_data::UnsafeFlag;
 use arrow_ipc::reader;
 use arrow_schema::{Schema, SchemaRef};
@@ -332,14 +332,6 @@ impl FlightDataDecoder {
                     ));
                 };
 
-                let data_buffer = if data.data_body.as_ptr() as usize % 64 != 0 {
-                    let mut buf = MutableBuffer::with_capacity(data.data_body.len());
-                    buf.extend_from_slice(&data.data_body);
-                    Buffer::from(buf)
-                } else {
-                    Buffer::from(data.data_body.clone())
-                };
-
                 let batch = message
                     .header_as_record_batch()
                     .ok_or_else(|| {
@@ -349,7 +341,7 @@ impl FlightDataDecoder {
                     })
                     .and_then(|record_batch| {
                         reader::read_record_batch(
-                            &data_buffer,
+                            &Buffer::from(data.data_body.clone()),
                             record_batch,
                             Arc::clone(&state.schema),
                             &state.dictionaries_by_field,

From 4053b0a437ac4fe4918cd67f94f4e946e777982b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard <richard.baah@datadoghq.com>
Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2026 11:42:59 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 07/10] revert clone() to as_ref()

---
 arrow-flight/src/decode.rs | 34 +++++++++++-----------------------
 arrow-flight/src/utils.rs  |  2 +-
 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arrow-flight/src/decode.rs b/arrow-flight/src/decode.rs
index bf099f888ca5..32d6eab46180 100644
--- a/arrow-flight/src/decode.rs
+++ b/arrow-flight/src/decode.rs
@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-use crate::{FlightData, trailers::LazyTrailers};
+use crate::{FlightData, trailers::LazyTrailers, utils::flight_data_to_arrow_batch};
 use arrow_array::{ArrayRef, RecordBatch};
 use arrow_buffer::Buffer;
 use arrow_data::UnsafeFlag;
-use arrow_ipc::reader;
+//use arrow_ipc::reader;
 use arrow_schema::{Schema, SchemaRef};
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use futures::{Stream, StreamExt, ready, stream::BoxStream};
@@ -332,27 +332,15 @@ impl FlightDataDecoder {
                     ));
                 };
 
-                let batch = message
-                    .header_as_record_batch()
-                    .ok_or_else(|| {
-                        FlightError::DecodeError(
-                            "Unable to convert flight data header to a record batch".to_string(),
-                        )
-                    })
-                    .and_then(|record_batch| {
-                        reader::read_record_batch(
-                            &Buffer::from(data.data_body.clone()),
-                            record_batch,
-                            Arc::clone(&state.schema),
-                            &state.dictionaries_by_field,
-                            None,
-                            &message.version(),
-                            self.skip_validation.clone(),
-                        )
-                        .map_err(|e| {
-                            FlightError::DecodeError(format!("Error decoding ipc RecordBatch: {e}"))
-                        })
-                    })?;
+                let batch = flight_data_to_arrow_batch(
+                    &data,
+                    Arc::clone(&state.schema),
+                    &state.dictionaries_by_field,
+                    self.skip_validation.clone(),
+                )
+                .map_err(|e| {
+                    FlightError::DecodeError(format!("Error decoding ipc RecordBatch: {e}"))
+                })?;
 
                 Ok(Some(DecodedFlightData::new_record_batch(data, batch)))
             }
diff --git a/arrow-flight/src/utils.rs b/arrow-flight/src/utils.rs
index 49314e5409bc..51c4035b6223 100644
--- a/arrow-flight/src/utils.rs
+++ b/arrow-flight/src/utils.rs
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ pub fn flight_data_to_arrow_batch(
         })
         .map(|batch| {
             reader::read_record_batch(
-                &Buffer::from(data.data_body.clone()),
+                &Buffer::from(data.data_body.as_ref()),
                 batch,
                 schema,
                 dictionaries_by_id,

From f2fcc0cb8df1a9361d608dbbd6578c5ea6706aaf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard <richard.baah@datadoghq.com>
Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2026 13:33:18 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 08/10] re-introduce .clone() under if condition

---
 arrow-flight/src/utils.rs | 7 ++++++-
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/arrow-flight/src/utils.rs b/arrow-flight/src/utils.rs
index 51c4035b6223..25c94b3f2fe3 100644
--- a/arrow-flight/src/utils.rs
+++ b/arrow-flight/src/utils.rs
@@ -76,8 +76,13 @@ pub fn flight_data_to_arrow_batch(
             )
         })
         .map(|batch| {
+            let buf = if data.data_body.as_ptr() as usize % 64 == 0 {
+                Buffer::from(data.data_body.clone())
+            } else {
+                Buffer::from(data.data_body.as_ref())
+            };
             reader::read_record_batch(
-                &Buffer::from(data.data_body.as_ref()),
+                &buf,
                 batch,
                 schema,
                 dictionaries_by_id,

From 2d22728eeb86728f53342c030932135fb7589e89 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard <richard.baah@datadoghq.com>
Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2026 16:05:36 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 09/10] avoid public API changes

---
 arrow-flight/src/decode.rs                    | 27 ++++++++++++-------
 arrow-flight/src/utils.rs                     | 10 +------
 .../integration_test.rs                       | 10 +++----
 .../integration_test.rs                       |  2 --
 arrow-ipc/src/reader.rs                       | 20 ++++++++------
 5 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 35 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arrow-flight/src/decode.rs b/arrow-flight/src/decode.rs
index 32d6eab46180..cde416062b54 100644
--- a/arrow-flight/src/decode.rs
+++ b/arrow-flight/src/decode.rs
@@ -15,11 +15,10 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-use crate::{FlightData, trailers::LazyTrailers, utils::flight_data_to_arrow_batch};
+use crate::{FlightData, trailers::LazyTrailers};
 use arrow_array::{ArrayRef, RecordBatch};
 use arrow_buffer::Buffer;
 use arrow_data::UnsafeFlag;
-//use arrow_ipc::reader;
 use arrow_schema::{Schema, SchemaRef};
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use futures::{Stream, StreamExt, ready, stream::BoxStream};
@@ -332,15 +331,25 @@ impl FlightDataDecoder {
                     ));
                 };
 
-                let batch = flight_data_to_arrow_batch(
-                    &data,
+                let record_batch = message.header_as_record_batch().ok_or_else(|| {
+                    FlightError::DecodeError(
+                        "Unable to convert flight data header to a record batch".to_string(),
+                    )
+                })?;
+                let buf = if data.data_body.as_ptr() as usize % 64 == 0 {
+                    Buffer::from(data.data_body.clone())
+                } else {
+                    Buffer::from(data.data_body.as_ref())
+                };
+                let batch = arrow_ipc::reader::RecordBatchDecoder::try_new(
+                    &buf,
+                    record_batch,
                     Arc::clone(&state.schema),
                     &state.dictionaries_by_field,
-                    self.skip_validation.clone(),
-                )
-                .map_err(|e| {
-                    FlightError::DecodeError(format!("Error decoding ipc RecordBatch: {e}"))
-                })?;
+                    &message.version(),
+                )?
+                .with_skip_validation(self.skip_validation.clone())
+                .read_record_batch()?;
 
                 Ok(Some(DecodedFlightData::new_record_batch(data, batch)))
             }
diff --git a/arrow-flight/src/utils.rs b/arrow-flight/src/utils.rs
index 25c94b3f2fe3..0e38e7ed77aa 100644
--- a/arrow-flight/src/utils.rs
+++ b/arrow-flight/src/utils.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use arrow_array::{ArrayRef, RecordBatch};
 use arrow_buffer::Buffer;
-use arrow_data::UnsafeFlag;
 use arrow_ipc::convert::fb_to_schema;
 use arrow_ipc::writer::CompressionContext;
 use arrow_ipc::{reader, root_as_message, writer, writer::IpcWriteOptions};
@@ -46,12 +45,7 @@ pub fn flight_data_to_batches(flight_data: &[FlightData]) -> Result<Vec<RecordBa
     let mut batches = vec![];
     let dictionaries_by_id = HashMap::new();
     for datum in flight_data[1..].iter() {
-        let batch = flight_data_to_arrow_batch(
-            datum,
-            schema.clone(),
-            &dictionaries_by_id,
-            UnsafeFlag::new(),
-        )?;
+        let batch = flight_data_to_arrow_batch(datum, schema.clone(), &dictionaries_by_id)?;
         batches.push(batch);
     }
     Ok(batches)
@@ -62,7 +56,6 @@ pub fn flight_data_to_arrow_batch(
     data: &FlightData,
     schema: SchemaRef,
     dictionaries_by_id: &HashMap<i64, ArrayRef>,
-    skip_validation: UnsafeFlag,
 ) -> Result<RecordBatch, ArrowError> {
     // check that the data_header is a record batch message
     let message = arrow_ipc::root_as_message(&data.data_header[..])
@@ -88,7 +81,6 @@ pub fn flight_data_to_arrow_batch(
                 dictionaries_by_id,
                 None,
                 &message.version(),
-                skip_validation,
             )
         })?
 }
diff --git a/arrow-integration-testing/src/flight_client_scenarios/integration_test.rs b/arrow-integration-testing/src/flight_client_scenarios/integration_test.rs
index b1afc8aa3dd6..05ca5627ecd8 100644
--- a/arrow-integration-testing/src/flight_client_scenarios/integration_test.rs
+++ b/arrow-integration-testing/src/flight_client_scenarios/integration_test.rs
@@ -249,13 +249,9 @@ async fn consume_flight_location(
         let metadata = counter.to_string().into_bytes();
         assert_eq!(metadata, data.app_metadata);
 
-        let actual_batch = flight_data_to_arrow_batch(
-            &data,
-            actual_schema.clone(),
-            &dictionaries_by_id,
-            arrow_data::UnsafeFlag::new(),
-        )
-        .expect("Unable to convert flight data to Arrow batch");
+        let actual_batch =
+            flight_data_to_arrow_batch(&data, actual_schema.clone(), &dictionaries_by_id)
+                .expect("Unable to convert flight data to Arrow batch");
 
         assert_eq!(actual_schema, actual_batch.schema());
         assert_eq!(expected_batch.num_columns(), actual_batch.num_columns());
diff --git a/arrow-integration-testing/src/flight_server_scenarios/integration_test.rs b/arrow-integration-testing/src/flight_server_scenarios/integration_test.rs
index b75d52a0f937..ae316886381a 100644
--- a/arrow-integration-testing/src/flight_server_scenarios/integration_test.rs
+++ b/arrow-integration-testing/src/flight_server_scenarios/integration_test.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ use arrow::{
     ipc::{self, reader, writer},
     record_batch::RecordBatch,
 };
-use arrow_data::UnsafeFlag;
 use arrow_flight::{
     Action, ActionType, Criteria, Empty, FlightData, FlightDescriptor, FlightEndpoint, FlightInfo,
     HandshakeRequest, HandshakeResponse, IpcMessage, PollInfo, PutResult, SchemaAsIpc,
@@ -336,7 +335,6 @@ async fn record_batch_from_message(
         dictionaries_by_id,
         None,
         &message.version(),
-        UnsafeFlag::new(),
     );
 
     arrow_batch_result
diff --git a/arrow-ipc/src/reader.rs b/arrow-ipc/src/reader.rs
index e4eece2679ac..dd7557784e53 100644
--- a/arrow-ipc/src/reader.rs
+++ b/arrow-ipc/src/reader.rs
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ pub struct RecordBatchDecoder<'a> {
 
 impl<'a> RecordBatchDecoder<'a> {
     /// Create a reader for decoding arrays from an encoded [`RecordBatch`]
-    fn try_new(
+    pub fn try_new(
         buf: &'a Buffer,
         batch: crate::RecordBatch<'a>,
         schema: SchemaRef,
@@ -530,6 +530,11 @@ impl<'a> RecordBatchDecoder<'a> {
 
     /// Specifies if validation should be skipped when reading data (defaults to `false`)
     ///
+    /// When enabled, the following checks are bypassed:
+    /// - Offset bounds (e.g. list/string offsets pointing past the end of their value buffer)
+    /// - UTF-8 validity of string columns (`Utf8` / `LargeUtf8`)
+    /// - Null count consistency and buffer length checks
+    ///
     /// Note this API is somewhat "funky" as it allows the caller to skip validation
     /// without having to use `unsafe` code. If this is ever made public
     /// it should be made clearer that this is a potentially unsafe by
@@ -538,14 +543,15 @@ impl<'a> RecordBatchDecoder<'a> {
     /// # Safety
     ///
     /// Relies on the caller only passing a flag with `true` value if they are
-    /// certain that the data is valid
-    pub(crate) fn with_skip_validation(mut self, skip_validation: UnsafeFlag) -> Self {
+    /// certain that the data is valid. Invalid data that bypasses these checks
+    /// may cause undefined behavior when the arrays are later accessed.
+    pub fn with_skip_validation(mut self, skip_validation: UnsafeFlag) -> Self {
         self.skip_validation = skip_validation;
         self
     }
 
     /// Read the record batch, consuming the reader
-    fn read_record_batch(mut self) -> Result<RecordBatch, ArrowError> {
+    pub fn read_record_batch(mut self) -> Result<RecordBatch, ArrowError> {
         let mut variadic_counts: VecDeque<i64> = self
             .batch
             .variadicBufferCounts()
@@ -771,13 +777,11 @@ pub fn read_record_batch(
     dictionaries_by_id: &HashMap<i64, ArrayRef>,
     projection: Option<&[usize]>,
     metadata: &MetadataVersion,
-    skip_validation: UnsafeFlag,
 ) -> Result<RecordBatch, ArrowError> {
-    let decoder = RecordBatchDecoder::try_new(buf, batch, schema, dictionaries_by_id, metadata)?
+    RecordBatchDecoder::try_new(buf, batch, schema, dictionaries_by_id, metadata)?
         .with_projection(projection)
         .with_require_alignment(false)
-        .with_skip_validation(skip_validation);
-    decoder.read_record_batch()
+        .read_record_batch()
 }
 
 /// Read the dictionary from the buffer and provided metadata,

From e7b39949019281f4e906f896b1fd8b4c4642056f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard <richard.baah@datadoghq.com>
Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2026 16:19:21 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 10/10] fix clippy errors

---
 arrow-flight/src/decode.rs     | 11 ++++++++---
 arrow-flight/src/sql/client.rs |  2 --
 2 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arrow-flight/src/decode.rs b/arrow-flight/src/decode.rs
index cde416062b54..6d5ebb04c1d1 100644
--- a/arrow-flight/src/decode.rs
+++ b/arrow-flight/src/decode.rs
@@ -347,9 +347,14 @@ impl FlightDataDecoder {
                     Arc::clone(&state.schema),
                     &state.dictionaries_by_field,
                     &message.version(),
-                )?
-                .with_skip_validation(self.skip_validation.clone())
-                .read_record_batch()?;
+                )
+                .and_then(|d| {
+                    d.with_skip_validation(self.skip_validation.clone())
+                        .read_record_batch()
+                })
+                .map_err(|e| {
+                    FlightError::DecodeError(format!("Error decoding ipc RecordBatch: {e}"))
+                })?;
 
                 Ok(Some(DecodedFlightData::new_record_batch(data, batch)))
             }
diff --git a/arrow-flight/src/sql/client.rs b/arrow-flight/src/sql/client.rs
index aa9bc47a833d..5476d4ede9a4 100644
--- a/arrow-flight/src/sql/client.rs
+++ b/arrow-flight/src/sql/client.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 //! A FlightSQL Client [`FlightSqlServiceClient`]
 
 use arrow_buffer::Buffer;
-use arrow_data::UnsafeFlag;
 use arrow_ipc::MessageHeader;
 use arrow_ipc::convert::fb_to_schema;
 use arrow_ipc::reader::read_record_batch;
@@ -652,7 +651,6 @@ pub fn arrow_data_from_flight_data(
                 &dictionaries_by_field,
                 None,
                 &ipc_message.version(),
-                UnsafeFlag::new(),
             )?;
             Ok(ArrowFlightData::RecordBatch(record_batch))
         }